AD7ZJ Wiki - User contributions [en]

APRS Air Mobile

2025-11-29T04:54:21Z

Elijah:

[[Category: Ham Radio]]

[[File:Yaesu_vx8_aprs_airplane.jpg|thumb|APRS Air mobile the easy way!]]

Running APRS while flying is a fun and semi-useful project. APRS often has much better aerial coverage than cellular networks, allowing friends and family to see your location as you fly across the country. And yes ADSB does this too but practically, only if you have a 1090 (mode S) ADSB solution. The UAT solutions I have do not have much coverage on sites like flightaware due to fewer 978 ground receivers and the fact that the airborn transmitter is very low power (fractions of a watt vs hundreds of watts for a mode S transponder).

The easy way to do this is using an APRS capable handheld radio. I have been using my Yaesu VX8 for this lately and it really works well. This has the extended battery pack on it and can easily run all day. I have it set to beacon every 2 minutes.

== Standalone Trackers ==

Another option is a standalone tracker such as this: https://www.tindie.com/products/ballooner/2m-aprs-arduino-818-12v-uno/

[[File:Arduino_aprs.jpg|600px]]

Above is my instance of that.

Pros:
* It's standalone, plugs into the cigarette lighter and never needs charging. Set and forget.
* Relatively inexpensive.

Cons:
* It's only 1 watt output which in sparsely populated areas doesn't always get out real well.

== Digipeaters ==
The conventional wisdom is don't use digipeaters from airborn transmitters. This makes sense, as a transmitter up high might get into multiple digis at once, causing unnecessary congestion. Remember all APRS shares a single channel and when packets are being digipeated, no one else can send. So, minimizing congestion is important.

I have tried that though, and didn't have very good luck. Here in the sparsely populated area of northern AZ, Utah, and Wyoming, packets just do not get out to iGates without using digipeaters. At least not from the altitudes I fly (usually under 10,000 ft) and the antenna setups I'm using. The best compromise I have been able to come up with is use WIDE2-1 for the digi path. Not WIDE1-1, WIDE2-1 which is what my VX8 defaults to. The idea is to only trigger WIDE2 digis, which theoretically should be a smaller number and farther apart than WIDE1 digis. I also only beacon once every two minutes.

APRS Air Mobile

2025-11-28T07:00:04Z

Elijah:

APRS Air Mobile

2025-11-25T23:18:09Z

Elijah:

APRS Air Mobile

2025-11-25T22:39:07Z

Elijah:

File:Arduino aprs.jpg

2025-11-25T22:36:52Z

Elijah:

APRS Air Mobile

2025-11-25T22:22:20Z

Elijah: Created page with "Category: Ham Radio APRS Air mobile the easy way! Running APRS while flying is a fun and semi-useful project. APRS often has much better aerial coverage than cellular networks, allowing friends and family to see your location as you fly across the country. And yes ADSB does this too but practically, only if you have a 1090 (mode S) ADSB solution. The UAT solutions I have do not have much coverage on sites like flightaware..."

File:Yaesu vx8 aprs airplane.jpg

2025-11-25T22:19:34Z

Elijah:

Main Page

2025-11-25T22:13:52Z

Elijah: /* Electronics/Software Projects */

Hi, I'm Elijah Brown and welcome to my site, AD7ZJ.net! The name AD7ZJ is my ham radio callsign, and I occasionally post stuff I'm working on here for my own reference and for the benefit of anyone else who is interested.
[[File:C140_sunset.jpeg|200px|thumb|right|Flying my Cessna 140 over Roosevelt lake]]

== Electronics/Software Projects ==
[[File:BalloonHorizon.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Image taken off an ANSR flight from approximately 40,000 ft]]
I enjoy tinkering with electronics and software and I've done quite a few little side projects in this area. Here are the ones I remembered to write down and take pictures of :)
* [[Long range WiFi]] — How I got internet service to an offgrid location 5 miles away
* [[OpenAWOS]] — Used at our glider field to automatically report wind over VHF radio.
* [[Vaisala 425A Anemometers]] — Used by my diy AWOS system above.
* [[Remote Cellular Switch]] — Used to turn on an engine pre-heater remotely.
* [[FLARM Teardown]]
* [[Fixing a Stratus 1|Stratus 1 Teardown]]
* [[Single Digit VFD Clock]]
* [[Single Digit IN-18 Nixie Clock]]
* [[Vocore Temperature Logger]]
* [[Voltage Regulator Tube Lights]]
* [[Iteris RZ-3 Cameras]]

Arizona Near Space Research (ANSR) flies unmanned high altitude balloons around Arizona both for fun/education of its members and in support of several college programs. I have been involved in the maintenance and design of the flight tracking beacons identified below. For general info on the club or on student payloads, please visit our main site [http://ansr.org ansr.org].
* [[KA7NSR-12|Flight Computer 1.0]] — The original ANSR flight computer and crossband repeater.
* [[New Flight Computer|Flight Computer 2.0]] — Gen 2 of the flight computer. My first attempt at a non-trivial embedded project...
* [[PIC APRS Beacon]] — A simple APRS tracking beacon. My goal was to generate the AFSK output without a modem chip.

I have done a handful of projects related to ham radio and antennas. Here are a few of those - I think the magnetic loop is the most interesting. They are an excellent choice for HF if you are limited on space.
* [[Kachina 505DSP]] — An early HF radio utilizing DSP for filtering and mod/demod
* [[APRS Air Mobile]] — Running APRS while flying a small plane
* [[Helical Magnetic Loop Antenna]]
* [[Maxon Radio|Maxon Data Radio info & repair]]
* [[DIY Current Meter]] — Just some pics and ideas
* [[VHF and UHF antennas]] — Some practical antenna construction tips

 

== Mechanical Projects ==
I have been mechanically inclined for as long as I can remember. Unfortunately I often don't think to take pictures or keep track of stuff I've fixed or worked on, but here are a few highlights.
* [[ASW 15]]
* [[ASW 20]]
* [[PIK 20B]]
* [[Cessna 140]]
* [[solar tracker|DIY Large Solar Tracker]]
* [[Small solar systems|Small off-grid solar setups]]
* [[Chevy K1500 4L60E Transmission Rebuild]]

== Vehicle notes ==
* [[Honda CRF230F]]
* [[Polaris Sportsman 500]]

== Misc Stuff ==
* [[Dump Windows Cert Authorities]]
* [[ATSAMV71 Microcontroller Notes]]
* [[OpenWRT expressVPN setup]]
* [[Convert MCS to BIN]]
* [[Raspberry pi notes]]
* [[KD7LMO Archive]]
* [[Useful links]]

Polaris Sportsman 500

2025-11-22T04:16:49Z

Elijah:

[[File:Sportsman-500-parking-lot.jpg|thumb|300px|Safeway run! lol]]

The Polaris sportsman 500 is a super smooth riding utility quad. This 2005 has 4 wheel drive, great suspension, and an engine known for its reliability. This is the last of the carbureted years which IMO is a good thing. The carb is a Mikuni constant velocity, CV40. The early EFI systems seemed to have some problems.

== Maintenance stuff ==
Oil: Mobil 1 0w40 "european formula"

Filter: ST6607

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
|+ Maintainence log
|-
! Date !! Odometer !! Description
|-
| 11/18/2025 || 2560 || Changed engine oil & filter, transmission oil, and front gearcase oil. Valve clearances checked and adjusted to 6 thou. Carb cleaned, float level set, 152.5 main jet and new Mikuni seals installed. New air filter. Brake fluid flushed and replaced with DOT 3. All brake pads OK. Greased prop shaft and steering ball joints. Drive clutch cleaned and new polaris belt installed.

|}

Polaris Sportsman 500

2025-11-22T03:05:25Z

Elijah: Created page with "Safeway run! lol The Polaris sportsman 500 is a super smooth riding utility quad. This 2005 has 4 wheel drive, great suspension, and an engine known for its reliability. This is the last of the carbureted years which IMO is a good thing. The carb is a Mikuni constant velocity, CV40. The early EFI systems seemed to have some problems. == Maintenance stuff == Oil: Mobil 1 0w40 "european formula" Filter: ST6607"

File:Sportsman-500-parking-lot.jpg

2025-11-22T03:01:43Z

Elijah:

Main Page

2025-11-22T02:47:23Z

Elijah:

Hi, I'm Elijah Brown and welcome to my site, AD7ZJ.net! The name AD7ZJ is my ham radio callsign, and I occasionally post stuff I'm working on here for my own reference and for the benefit of anyone else who is interested.
[[File:C140_sunset.jpeg|200px|thumb|right|Flying my Cessna 140 over Roosevelt lake]]

== Electronics/Software Projects ==
[[File:BalloonHorizon.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Image taken off an ANSR flight from approximately 40,000 ft]]
I enjoy tinkering with electronics and software and I've done quite a few little side projects in this area. Here are the ones I remembered to write down and take pictures of :)
* [[Long range WiFi]] — How I got internet service to an offgrid location 5 miles away
* [[OpenAWOS]] — Used at our glider field to automatically report wind over VHF radio.
* [[Vaisala 425A Anemometers]] — Used by my diy AWOS system above.
* [[Remote Cellular Switch]] — Used to turn on an engine pre-heater remotely.
* [[FLARM Teardown]]
* [[Fixing a Stratus 1|Stratus 1 Teardown]]
* [[Single Digit VFD Clock]]
* [[Single Digit IN-18 Nixie Clock]]
* [[Vocore Temperature Logger]]
* [[Voltage Regulator Tube Lights]]
* [[Iteris RZ-3 Cameras]]

Arizona Near Space Research (ANSR) flies unmanned high altitude balloons around Arizona both for fun/education of its members and in support of several college programs. I have been involved in the maintenance and design of the flight tracking beacons identified below. For general info on the club or on student payloads, please visit our main site [http://ansr.org ansr.org].
* [[KA7NSR-12|Flight Computer 1.0]] — The original ANSR flight computer and crossband repeater.
* [[New Flight Computer|Flight Computer 2.0]] — Gen 2 of the flight computer. My first attempt at a non-trivial embedded project...
* [[PIC APRS Beacon]] — A simple APRS tracking beacon. My goal was to generate the AFSK output without a modem chip.

I have done a handful of projects related to ham radio and antennas. Here are a few of those - I think the magnetic loop is the most interesting. They are an excellent choice for HF if you are limited on space.
* [[Kachina 505DSP]] — An early HF radio utilizing DSP for filtering and mod/demod
* [[Helical Magnetic Loop Antenna]]
* [[Maxon Radio|Maxon Data Radio info & repair]]
* [[DIY Current Meter]] — Just some pics and ideas
* [[VHF and UHF antennas]] — Some practical antenna construction tips

 

== Mechanical Projects ==
I have been mechanically inclined for as long as I can remember. Unfortunately I often don't think to take pictures or keep track of stuff I've fixed or worked on, but here are a few highlights.
* [[ASW 15]]
* [[ASW 20]]
* [[PIK 20B]]
* [[Cessna 140]]
* [[solar tracker|DIY Large Solar Tracker]]
* [[Small solar systems|Small off-grid solar setups]]
* [[Chevy K1500 4L60E Transmission Rebuild]]

== Vehicle notes ==
* [[Honda CRF230F]]
* [[Polaris Sportsman 500]]

== Misc Stuff ==
* [[Dump Windows Cert Authorities]]
* [[ATSAMV71 Microcontroller Notes]]
* [[OpenWRT expressVPN setup]]
* [[Convert MCS to BIN]]
* [[Raspberry pi notes]]
* [[KD7LMO Archive]]
* [[Useful links]]

ASW 20

2025-11-02T03:58:58Z

Elijah:

This ASW-20 was owned by a fellow named David Woods. He had flown it quite a bit out of southern california and from the logbooks, looks like he had some great flights in it. After some medical issues he gave up flying and it sat in his back yard in phoenix for 20 years. After he passed, I picked it up from the family and here is the story of getting it flying again.

Overall it wasn't in terrible shape. Of course things were dusty and dry after sitting that long, and the wing gel coat was worse for the wear.

[[File:Asw20_wing_gelcoat_damage.jpg|600px]]

The gel coat on the wings has been refinished once according to the logs, but it was cracking badly in a few spots.

[[File:Asw20_original_panel.jpg|600px]]

The instrument panel was a bit dated and worse for the wear as well.

[[File:Asw20_fuselage_after_washing.jpg|600px]]

After washing off the dust, the fuselage wasn't looking too bad!

==Trailer==

[[File:Asw20_trailer_fender_repair.jpg|600px]]

The tires were very old but fortunately they made the trip home from phoenix. One of the fenders had been used as a bumper a few too many times and was dragging on the tire a bit. So, I took things apart and fixed that, straightened up the fender and welded on some new supports. I also noticed one of the leaf springs was broken so I replaced the springs as well. You can see they look rather new in the picture above :)

[[File:Asw20_trailer_fender_fixed.jpg|600px]]

There, that's better!

==Fuselage==

Next I disassembled stuff in the fuselage and gave it a thorough cleaning and lubricating.

[[File:Asw20_fuselage_disassembled.jpg|600px]]

I decided to upgrade the instrumentation a bit while I was at it. A friend laid out a new panel for me and mailed it.

[[File:Asw20_new_panel_test.jpg|600px]]

The old panel is routed out and the new one is glued on the front. That's a handy little trick isn't it! Here I'm trying it on for size to make sure everything is gonna line up...

[[File:Asw20_panel_attempt_1.jpg|600px]]

It looks great! But unfortunately the canopy couldn't close :( The small instruments at the top... those are a becker radio and transponder. They are quite long and no matter which of the spots I put them, they wouldn't fit. I cried a little but there was just no way this panel would work... so I went to work and laid out another one on LibreCAD, this time placing the radios down low where there is more room. I am used to AutoCAD but no longer have access to a license, and I must say I was quite pleased with LibreCAD for this simiple project. It's a little bit quirky but I use git to save progress at key spots in case I mess something up and need to revert! [https://github.com/AD7ZJ/aviation-panels panel git repo] I sent it off to send-cut-send and a week later had a new front plate in hand!

[[File:Asw20_panel_instruments_trial_fit.jpg|600px]]

It looks pretty good, I don't like this layout as well but this has the advantage that the canopy can close :) I had them cut the outside outline slightly oversize so I could do the final trim by hand to match the panel edge.

[[File:Asw20_panel_wiring_testing.jpg|600px]]

After gluing on the panel edge, I trimmed the front plate to fit and painted it with truck bed liner. That works pretty nicely because it's tough and a matte color that won't create reflections on the canopy! Above I think I'm testing the radio and SN10 wiring. I know it looks like chaos but I am always short of bench space! haha!

[[File:Asw20_xpdr_harness.jpg|600px]]

There is the transponder wiring harness completed. Unfortunately after connecting it up, the transponder would not power on. And yes, I triple-checked wiring before I connected anything, and it was powered on with a current limited supply, which never hit the limit. Actually it never drew current at all, something in the internal power supply was permanently in the O F F position. I sent it back to the factory for repair and they got it fixed in a couple weeks. Nothing's ever easy...

[[File:Asw20_panel_rear.jpg|600px]]

Ok now we're getting somewhere! Everything is wired up and working! The altitude encoder and FLARM attach to the D-sub connectors. The red cable with an RJ45 is for the FlarmView.

[[File:Asw20_panel_installed.jpg|600px]]

Here's how it looks installed.

[[File:Asw20_panel_flarm_encoder_mounting.jpg|600px]]

Here you can see how the FLARM and altitude encoder are mounted underneath the seat pan.

==Wings==

[[File:Asw20_wing_fairing_sanded.jpg|600px]]

I chipped off the loose gel coat and feathered the edges. Above is a pic of that process. Once smoothed out, I sprayed it with a modern sandable primer to build it up a bit, and then topped with urethane paint. Painting is 5% painting and 95% sanding - pretty boring! And actually I sanded the entire wing to get rid of the oxidation/yellowing. This takes a long time but it really makes it look a lot nicer. As of today I have one wing finished and have the second one sanded. It just needs touched up in a few spots and then the final polish.

ASW 20

2025-11-01T09:00:12Z

Elijah: Created page with "This ASW-20 was owned by a fellow named David Woods. He had flown it quite a bit out of southern california and from the logbooks, looks like he had some great flights in it. After some medical issues he gave up flying and it sat in his back yard in phoenix for 20 years. After he passed, I picked it up from the family and here is the story of getting it flying again. Overall it wasn't in terrible shape. Of course things were dusty and dry after sitting that long, and t..."

File:Asw20 panel flarm encoder mounting.jpg

2025-11-01T08:53:43Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 panel installed.jpg

2025-11-01T08:52:49Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 panel rear.jpg

2025-11-01T08:50:34Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 xpdr harness.jpg

2025-11-01T08:47:05Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 panel wiring testing.jpg

2025-11-01T08:43:38Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 panel instruments trial fit.jpg

2025-11-01T08:41:17Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 wing fairing sanded.jpg

2025-11-01T08:40:09Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 panel attempt 1.jpg

2025-11-01T08:30:20Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 new panel test.jpg

2025-11-01T08:26:14Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 fuselage disassembled.jpg

2025-11-01T08:19:55Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 trailer fender fixed.jpg

2025-11-01T08:16:15Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 trailer fender repair.jpg

2025-11-01T08:14:31Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 fuselage after washing.jpg

2025-11-01T08:04:49Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 original panel.jpg

2025-11-01T08:02:00Z

Elijah:

File:Asw20 wing gelcoat damage.jpg

2025-11-01T07:57:54Z

Elijah:

Long range WiFi

2025-11-01T06:32:04Z

Elijah:

[[Category: Electronics]]

This was pretty useful for running security cameras as well as just having wifi handy at the glider field. Said glider field was approximately 5 miles from my house but key to making this possible is having "line of sight" between the two points. Above 50 Mhz or so, radio frequencies only reliably propagate to where you can visibly see. You can often get a bit farther than visible line of sight thanks to reflection/refraction but it's limited. The other big part to making this happen is the hardware. Standard wifi devices obviously do not have a 5 mile range. This is primarily due to their omnidirectional antennas and lower transmit power. The star of this show is Ubiquiti's wifi hardware - their nanostations and bullets specifically. Here's the big picture of how this worked:

[[File:Long_range_wifi_link_diagram.png]]

The remote router is just a normal, home-office style router with wifi and serves as the wifi hotspot allowing regular wifi devices to connect. I had the ubiquiti radios configured in "bridge mode" so the remote routers get an IP address from my home router, minimizing the number of NAT traversals. Here's how one of the remote setups looked:

[[File:Ubiquiti_bullet_with_antenna.jpg|600px]]

An antenna like this has a lot of "gain", that is directionality over an isotropic radiator. The flip side to that means aligning the antennas is crucial to getting a good signal, or actually a signal at all. I eyeballed both sides to get it close, and then fine tuned it using the uniquiti antenna alignment tool. That's a page in the web-based UI that continually reports the received signal strength. You can adjust the antenna to get the strongest signal. Getting the initial link is the hardest part however, as you are trying to adjust both sides at once without any direct feedback. A person on both ends would definitely help.

There was no grid power here so I used a small solar system to power things. The solar panel is visible in the image above. Below, you can see the charge controller, router, and a small DC distribution block.

[[File:Wifi_solar_power_setup.jpg|600px]]

Out of sight is a large 12v, 100 Ah AGM storage battery. This is a bit overkill for powering this equipment but sometimes it needs to ride through several days of clouds, or even snow. These large "high voltage" panels are often as cheap as a smaller 12v panel and have vastly more power output. I think that one in the picture is 280 watts. An MPPT controller allows using these higher voltage panels on 12v batteries efficiently and without overcharging the battery. I have written more about these small solar systems on [[Small_solar_systems|this page]].

[[File:12v_5v_usb_adapter.png|200px]]

I was using Wyze cameras, which are powered via USB cables. I used these 12v USB power supplies to power the cameras directly from the 12v.

[https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-DC-DC-Module-Charger-Arduino/dp/B01HXU1C6U?th=1 12v to 5v USB converter]

Long range WiFi

2025-11-01T06:29:43Z

Elijah: Created page with "Category: Electronics This was pretty useful for running security cameras as well as just having wifi handy at the glider field. Said glider field was approximately 5 miles from my house but key to making this possible is having "line of sight" between the two points. Above 50 Mhz or so, radio frequencies only reliably propagate to where you can visibly see. You can often get a bit farther than visible line of sight thanks to reflection/refraction but it's limited...."

[[Category: Electronics]]

This was pretty useful for running security cameras as well as just having wifi handy at the glider field. Said glider field was approximately 5 miles from my house but key to making this possible is having "line of sight" between the two points. Above 50 Mhz or so, radio frequencies only reliably propagate to where you can visibly see. You can often get a bit farther than visible line of sight thanks to reflection/refraction but it's limited. The other big part to making this happen is the hardware. Standard wifi devices obviously do not have a 5 mile range. This is primarily due to their omnidirectional antennas and lower transmit power. Here's the big picture of how this worked:

[[File:Long_range_wifi_link_diagram.png]]

The remote router is just a normal, home-office style router with wifi and serves as the wifi hotspot allowing regular wifi devices to connect. I had the ubiquiti radios configured in "bridge mode" so the remote routers get an IP address from my home router, minimizing the number of NAT traversals. Here's how one of the remote setups looked:

[[File:Ubiquiti_bullet_with_antenna.jpg|600px]]

An antenna like this has a lot of "gain", that is directionality over an isotropic radiator. The flip side to that means aligning the antennas is crucial to getting a good signal, or actually a signal at all. I eyeballed both sides to get it close, and then fine tuned it using the uniquiti antenna alignment tool. That's a page in the web-based UI that continually reports the received signal strength. You can adjust the antenna to get the strongest signal. Getting the initial link is the hardest part however, as you are trying to adjust both sides at once without any direct feedback. A person on both ends would definitely help.

There was no grid power here so I used a small solar system to power things. The solar panel is visible in the image above. Below, you can see the charge controller, router, and a small DC distribution block.

[[File:Wifi_solar_power_setup.jpg|600px]]

Out of sight is a large 12v, 100 Ah AGM storage battery. This is a bit overkill for powering this equipment but sometimes it needs to ride through several days of clouds, or even snow. These large "high voltage" panels are often as cheap as a smaller 12v panel and have vastly more power output. I think that one in the picture is 280 watts. An MPPT controller allows using these higher voltage panels on 12v batteries efficiently and without overcharging the battery. I have written more about these small solar systems on [[Small_solar_systems|this page]].

[[File:12v_5v_usb_adapter.png|200px]]

I was using Wyze cameras, which are powered via USB cables. I used these 12v USB power supplies to power the cameras directly from the 12v.

[https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-DC-DC-Module-Charger-Arduino/dp/B01HXU1C6U?th=1 12v to 5v USB converter]

File:12v 5v usb adapter.png

2025-11-01T06:25:59Z

Elijah:

File:Long range wifi link diagram.png

2025-10-30T22:35:09Z

Elijah: Elijah uploaded a new version of File:Long range wifi link diagram.png

File:Long range wifi link diagram.png

2025-10-30T22:32:06Z

Elijah:

File:Wifi solar power setup.jpg

2025-10-30T22:19:26Z

Elijah:

File:Ubiquiti bullet with antenna.jpg

2025-10-30T22:18:34Z

Elijah:

Main Page

2025-10-30T21:41:26Z

Elijah: /* Electronics/Software Projects */

Hi, I'm Elijah Brown and welcome to my site, AD7ZJ.net! The name AD7ZJ is my ham radio callsign, and I occasionally post stuff I'm working on here for my own reference and for the benefit of anyone else who is interested.
[[File:C140_sunset.jpeg|200px|thumb|right|Flying my Cessna 140 over Roosevelt lake]]

== Electronics/Software Projects ==
[[File:BalloonHorizon.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Image taken off an ANSR flight from approximately 40,000 ft]]
I enjoy tinkering with electronics and software and I've done quite a few little side projects in this area. Here are the ones I remembered to write down and take pictures of :)
* [[Long range WiFi]] — How I got internet service to an offgrid location 5 miles away
* [[OpenAWOS]] — Used at our glider field to automatically report wind over VHF radio.
* [[Vaisala 425A Anemometers]] — Used by my diy AWOS system above.
* [[Remote Cellular Switch]] — Used to turn on an engine pre-heater remotely.
* [[FLARM Teardown]]
* [[Fixing a Stratus 1|Stratus 1 Teardown]]
* [[Single Digit VFD Clock]]
* [[Single Digit IN-18 Nixie Clock]]
* [[Vocore Temperature Logger]]
* [[Voltage Regulator Tube Lights]]
* [[Iteris RZ-3 Cameras]]

Arizona Near Space Research (ANSR) flies unmanned high altitude balloons around Arizona both for fun/education of its members and in support of several college programs. I have been involved in the maintenance and design of the flight tracking beacons identified below. For general info on the club or on student payloads, please visit our main site [http://ansr.org ansr.org].
* [[KA7NSR-12|Flight Computer 1.0]] — The original ANSR flight computer and crossband repeater.
* [[New Flight Computer|Flight Computer 2.0]] — Gen 2 of the flight computer. My first attempt at a non-trivial embedded project...
* [[PIC APRS Beacon]] — A simple APRS tracking beacon. My goal was to generate the AFSK output without a modem chip.

I have done a handful of projects related to ham radio and antennas. Here are a few of those - I think the magnetic loop is the most interesting. They are an excellent choice for HF if you are limited on space.
* [[Kachina 505DSP]] — An early HF radio utilizing DSP for filtering and mod/demod
* [[Helical Magnetic Loop Antenna]]
* [[Maxon Radio|Maxon Data Radio info & repair]]
* [[DIY Current Meter]] — Just some pics and ideas
* [[VHF and UHF antennas]] — Some practical antenna construction tips

 

== Mechanical Projects ==
I have been mechanically inclined for as long as I can remember. Unfortunately I often don't think to take pictures or keep track of stuff I've fixed or worked on, but here are a few highlights.
* [[ASW 15]]
* [[ASW 20]]
* [[PIK 20B]]
* [[Cessna 140]]
* [[solar tracker|DIY Large Solar Tracker]]
* [[Small solar systems|Small off-grid solar setups]]
* [[Chevy K1500 4L60E Transmission Rebuild]]

== Misc Stuff ==
* [[Dump Windows Cert Authorities]]
* [[ATSAMV71 Microcontroller Notes]]
* [[OpenWRT expressVPN setup]]
* [[Convert MCS to BIN]]
* [[Raspberry pi notes]]
* [[KD7LMO Archive]]
* [[Useful links]]
* [[Honda CRF230F]]

Main Page

2025-10-21T07:09:21Z

Elijah: /* Mechanical Projects */

Hi, I'm Elijah Brown and welcome to my site, AD7ZJ.net! The name AD7ZJ is my ham radio callsign, and I occasionally post stuff I'm working on here for my own reference and for the benefit of anyone else who is interested.
[[File:C140_sunset.jpeg|200px|thumb|right|Flying my Cessna 140 over Roosevelt lake]]

== Electronics/Software Projects ==
[[File:BalloonHorizon.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Image taken off an ANSR flight from approximately 40,000 ft]]
I enjoy tinkering with electronics and software and I've done quite a few little side projects in this area. Here are the ones I remembered to write down and take pictures of :)
* [[OpenAWOS]] — Used at our glider field to automatically report wind over VHF radio.
* [[Vaisala 425A Anemometers]] — Used by my diy AWOS system above.
* [[Remote Cellular Switch]] — Used to turn on an engine pre-heater remotely.
* [[FLARM Teardown]]
* [[Fixing a Stratus 1|Stratus 1 Teardown]]
* [[Single Digit VFD Clock]]
* [[Single Digit IN-18 Nixie Clock]]
* [[Vocore Temperature Logger]]
* [[Voltage Regulator Tube Lights]]
* [[Iteris RZ-3 Cameras]]

Arizona Near Space Research (ANSR) flies unmanned high altitude balloons around Arizona both for fun/education of its members and in support of several college programs. I have been involved in the maintenance and design of the flight tracking beacons identified below. For general info on the club or on student payloads, please visit our main site [http://ansr.org ansr.org].
* [[KA7NSR-12|Flight Computer 1.0]] — The original ANSR flight computer and crossband repeater.
* [[New Flight Computer|Flight Computer 2.0]] — Gen 2 of the flight computer. My first attempt at a non-trivial embedded project...
* [[PIC APRS Beacon]] — A simple APRS tracking beacon. My goal was to generate the AFSK output without a modem chip.

I have done a handful of projects related to ham radio and antennas. Here are a few of those - I think the magnetic loop is the most interesting. They are an excellent choice for HF if you are limited on space.
* [[Kachina 505DSP]] — An early HF radio utilizing DSP for filtering and mod/demod
* [[Helical Magnetic Loop Antenna]]
* [[Maxon Radio|Maxon Data Radio info & repair]]
* [[DIY Current Meter]] — Just some pics and ideas
* [[VHF and UHF antennas]] — Some practical antenna construction tips

 

== Mechanical Projects ==
I have been mechanically inclined for as long as I can remember. Unfortunately I often don't think to take pictures or keep track of stuff I've fixed or worked on, but here are a few highlights.
* [[ASW 15]]
* [[ASW 20]]
* [[PIK 20B]]
* [[Cessna 140]]
* [[solar tracker|DIY Large Solar Tracker]]
* [[Small solar systems|Small off-grid solar setups]]
* [[Chevy K1500 4L60E Transmission Rebuild]]

== Misc Stuff ==
* [[Dump Windows Cert Authorities]]
* [[ATSAMV71 Microcontroller Notes]]
* [[OpenWRT expressVPN setup]]
* [[Convert MCS to BIN]]
* [[Raspberry pi notes]]
* [[KD7LMO Archive]]
* [[Useful links]]
* [[Honda CRF230F]]

Kachina 505DSP

2025-10-21T07:06:00Z

Elijah: Created page with "Category: Ham Radio The Kachina 505DSP was an early HF radio that utilized DSP for the IF <-> audio stages. The other unusual thing about is there is no built-in display. It is instead controlled via a PC over a serial port. I came across this on Facebook marketplace for a deal I couldn't resist. It was just the main box, no cabling or the control box. Over time I came across a control box and built up the cables from scratch. I learned a couple of lessons the hard..."

[[Category: Ham Radio]]

The Kachina 505DSP was an early HF radio that utilized DSP for the IF <-> audio stages. The other unusual thing about is there is no built-in display. It is instead controlled via a PC over a serial port. I came across this on Facebook marketplace for a deal I couldn't resist. It was just the main box, no cabling or the control box. Over time I came across a control box and built up the cables from scratch. I learned a couple of lessons the hard way:

[[File:Kachina_505dsp2.jpg|thumb]]

* The cable between the radio and control box uses a 15 pin connector, same as a VGA cable. The fellow I got the control box from sent a VGA cable along with it and I used it without realizing that in a VGA cable, some of the pins are effectively shorted together internally due to them being shields. This caused the serial comm lines to get shorted out and prevented control of the radio. The solution is to make your own cable, don't use a VGA cable!

* The audio level needed to drive it with a PC (to run digital modes) is much higher than other transceivers. You need at least 2V pk-pk.

It's a fun radio to play with and seems to perform very well. I still do not have a mic for it so I am using it exclusively on digital modes.

==KCAT Control Software==
I am using W1HKJ's excellent kcat software to control it. The original software only runs on windows XP so this is really a great utility as it runs on modern windows or linux (I run it on ubuntu). For linux, you have to build it from source. This was quite easy however and as I recall, worked out of the box with maybe one missing dependency, resolved with an apt package install. However, I did notice it consuming an entire CPU core anytime it's running.

I traced this down to the cw thread, which sends characters via CW from a dialog box. I added that highlighted line as without that, the thread never willingly yields in the normal case of not using this CW feature ;)

[[File:Kcat_cw_thread_fix.png]]

File:Kcat cw thread fix.png

2025-10-21T06:59:48Z

Elijah:

File:Kachina 505dsp2.jpg

2025-10-21T06:43:13Z

Elijah:

File:Kachina 505dsp.jpg

2025-10-21T06:37:57Z

Elijah:

Main Page

2025-10-21T06:34:35Z

Elijah: /* Electronics/Software Projects */

Hi, I'm Elijah Brown and welcome to my site, AD7ZJ.net! The name AD7ZJ is my ham radio callsign, and I occasionally post stuff I'm working on here for my own reference and for the benefit of anyone else who is interested.
[[File:C140_sunset.jpeg|200px|thumb|right|Flying my Cessna 140 over Roosevelt lake]]

== Electronics/Software Projects ==
[[File:BalloonHorizon.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Image taken off an ANSR flight from approximately 40,000 ft]]
I enjoy tinkering with electronics and software and I've done quite a few little side projects in this area. Here are the ones I remembered to write down and take pictures of :)
* [[OpenAWOS]] — Used at our glider field to automatically report wind over VHF radio.
* [[Vaisala 425A Anemometers]] — Used by my diy AWOS system above.
* [[Remote Cellular Switch]] — Used to turn on an engine pre-heater remotely.
* [[FLARM Teardown]]
* [[Fixing a Stratus 1|Stratus 1 Teardown]]
* [[Single Digit VFD Clock]]
* [[Single Digit IN-18 Nixie Clock]]
* [[Vocore Temperature Logger]]
* [[Voltage Regulator Tube Lights]]
* [[Iteris RZ-3 Cameras]]

Arizona Near Space Research (ANSR) flies unmanned high altitude balloons around Arizona both for fun/education of its members and in support of several college programs. I have been involved in the maintenance and design of the flight tracking beacons identified below. For general info on the club or on student payloads, please visit our main site [http://ansr.org ansr.org].
* [[KA7NSR-12|Flight Computer 1.0]] — The original ANSR flight computer and crossband repeater.
* [[New Flight Computer|Flight Computer 2.0]] — Gen 2 of the flight computer. My first attempt at a non-trivial embedded project...
* [[PIC APRS Beacon]] — A simple APRS tracking beacon. My goal was to generate the AFSK output without a modem chip.

I have done a handful of projects related to ham radio and antennas. Here are a few of those - I think the magnetic loop is the most interesting. They are an excellent choice for HF if you are limited on space.
* [[Kachina 505DSP]] — An early HF radio utilizing DSP for filtering and mod/demod
* [[Helical Magnetic Loop Antenna]]
* [[Maxon Radio|Maxon Data Radio info & repair]]
* [[DIY Current Meter]] — Just some pics and ideas
* [[VHF and UHF antennas]] — Some practical antenna construction tips

 

== Mechanical Projects ==
I have been mechanically inclined for as long as I can remember. Unfortunately I often don't think to take pictures or keep track of stuff I've fixed or worked on, but here are a few highlights.
* [[ASW 15]]
* [[PIK 20B]]
* [[Cessna 140]]
* [[solar tracker|DIY Large Solar Tracker]]
* [[Small solar systems|Small off-grid solar setups]]
* [[Chevy K1500 4L60E Transmission Rebuild]]

== Misc Stuff ==
* [[Dump Windows Cert Authorities]]
* [[ATSAMV71 Microcontroller Notes]]
* [[OpenWRT expressVPN setup]]
* [[Convert MCS to BIN]]
* [[Raspberry pi notes]]
* [[KD7LMO Archive]]
* [[Useful links]]
* [[Honda CRF230F]]

Idaho 2024

2024-09-29T07:46:07Z

Elijah:

[[Category: Airplane]]

[[File:Pazmany_over_prescott_rain.jpg|thumb|300px|The pazmany flying over prescott]]

One of my friends bought an airplane up in the Boise area and we did a 3 day trip up to get it, flying my Cessna 140. It was a wonderful trip and I'm so thankful to be part of what must be about the funnest mission you can fly - buying another airplane! :)

[[File:Canyon_aug_2024.jpg|400px|Flying over the canyon]]

We left Prescott pretty early and were over the canyon an hour or so later. Upper level winds were forecast to pickup today, but mainly out of the south which would give us a nice tailwind.

[[File:St_george_high_up.jpg|400px|Flying by St George]]

We were making good time and planned to stop for fuel and a break in St George, but given the good tailwind thought to press on further to cedar city. As we approached however and picked up the ASOS, winds gusting to the upper 30s made us reconsider that plan and I turned back to St George where the winds were barely moving!

[[File:On_the_ground_st_george.jpg|400px|On the ground, St George]]

On the ground in St George. This was my first time stopping at this airport and it was quite nice - a huge runway and the FBO was very hospitable. Shortly after we continued on, next stop being wells Nv. The upper level winds were increasingly strong heading into Nevada, and combined with the mountains made for a pretty rough ride. To take advantage of the tailwind and in an attempt to find smoother air, we climbed up pretty high, around 12,000 ft. A Cessna 140 being so light you really do feel every bump! I was focused on staying the course and did not take many pictures but 2.5 hours later, we landed in Wells NV.

[[File:Cessna_wells_nv.jpg|400px|On the ground, Wells NV]]

There is not a lot in Wells NV! The winds were blowing around 20 knots and temps were in the 50s - after being at altitude for that long I had long forgotten the hot arizona summer! Being cold was not a problem I seriously considered in late August!

[[File:Flying_over_northern_nv.jpg|400px|Flying over northern NV]]

The last leg of the trip was about 2 hours. Ceilings were somewhat low, around 2000ft in places so we followed the terrain through some very pretty mountain valleys. We landed in Emmett Idaho where the plane was at and got a first look.

[[File:Pazmany_PL4A.jpg|400px|The Pazmany PL-4A]]

The airplane is beautifuly constructed, with a c85 "stroker", meaning a c85 case with o200 crank and cylinders. Unsurprisingly it performs very well, easily climbing at 1500 ft/min and cruising comfortably at 100 mph.

[[File:Flying_pazmany_1.jpg|400px|Flying the Pazmany over Idaho]]

We spent the following day going through the new plane and hooking up a simple ferry tank system. The onboard tank has 11 gallons useable and some of the legs across nevada and arizona would be stretching that. Then we did some test flights around the area. Cliff was nice enough to let me fly it as well! I flew it back to Nampa and we spent the night in a nearby hotel.

[[File:Cessna_Departing_Nampa.jpg|400px|Fueld and ready to depart nampa]]

That Cessna 140 is a good looking plane, if I do say so! Here she is fueled and ready to depart nampa, I think it was about 6am local.

[[File:Low_clouds_over_nevada.jpg|400px|Low clouds over wild horse reservoir]]

There were some interesting low clouds over wild horse reservoir in northern nevada. No other clouds in sight besides these!

[[File:Elko_nevada_airport.jpg|400px|Elko NV airport]]

First stop was at Elko NV. Checked fuel burn and oil levels, everything was going well. Went across the street to the AutoZone and got a funnel in case we needed to add oil later on, then took off again heading for lincoln county NV.

[[File:PXL_20240826_163750418.jpg|400px|Pazmany in flight]]

We flew close formation for a bit and took some pictures. The Pazmany is very unique looking!

[[File:St_George_from_west.jpg|400px|St George from the west]]

We made a fuel stop in Lincoln county airport and took off shortly after heading for prescott. This leg was about 2.5 hours. Seen above is St George, this time from the west side looking to the east. I really enjoy flying over this part of the country. Although it may look desolate from this distance, contained in this area is Zion national part, Bryce canyon national park, and of course the grand canyon.

[[File:Virgin_river_gorge.jpg|400px|Virgin river gorge]]

Looking out the other side of the plane, we can see the virgin river gorge. The virgin river is the river that flows through zion national park.

[[File:North_canyon_looking_east.jpg|400px|North of canyon looking east]]

This is on the north side of the canyon looking east. Very beautiful and very desolate! The rest of the trip was uneventful and Cliff is still working out a few kinks in the new plane. Ground handling was excessively sensitive, which was resolved by loosening up the free play between the rudder and tailwheel. Brakes were underwhelming which was improved by going one notch further out on the levers for the master cylinders. It's a very light and fun plane to fly, thanks to Cliff for letting me enjoy it a bit as well!

Idaho 2024

2024-09-29T07:38:29Z

Elijah:

[[Category: Airplane]]

[[File:Pazmany_over_prescott_rain.jpg|thumb|300px|The pazmany flying over prescott]]

One of my friends bought an airplane up in the Boise area and we did a 3 day trip up to get it, flying my Cessna 140. It was a wonderful trip and I'm so thankful to be part of what must be about the funnest mission you can fly - buying another airplane! :)

[[File:Canyon_aug_2024.jpg|400px|Flying over the canyon]]

We left Prescott pretty early and were over the canyon an hour or so later. Upper level winds were forecast to pickup today, but mainly out of the south which would give us a nice tailwind.

[[File:St_george_high_up.jpg|400px|Flying by St George]]

We were making good time and planned to stop for fuel and a break in St George, but given the good tailwind thought to press on further to cedar city. As we approached however and picked up the ASOS, winds gusting to the upper 30s made us reconsider that plan and I turned back to St George where the winds were barely moving!

[[File:On_the_ground_st_george.jpg|400px|On the ground, St George]]

On the ground in St George. This was my first time stopping at this airport and it was quite nice - a huge runway and the FBO was very hospitable. Shortly after we continued on, next stop being wells Nv. The upper level winds were increasingly strong heading into Nevada, and combined with the mountains made for a pretty rough ride. To take advantage of the tailwind and in an attempt to find smoother air, we climbed up pretty high, around 12,000 ft. A Cessna 140 being so light you really do feel every bump! I was focused on staying the course and did not take many pictures but 2.5 hours later, we landed in Wells NV.

[[File:Cessna_wells_nv.jpg|400px|On the ground, Wells NV]]

There is not a lot in Wells NV! The winds were blowing around 20 knots and temps were in the 50s - after being at altitude for that long I had long forgotten the hot arizona summer! Being cold was not a problem I seriously considered in late August!

[[File:Flying_over_northern_nv.jpg|400px|Flying over northern NV]]

The last leg of the trip was about 2 hours. Ceilings were somewhat low, around 2000ft in places so we followed the terrain through some very pretty mountain valleys. We landed in Emmett Idaho where the plane was at and got a first look.

[[File:Pazmany_PL4A.jpg|400px|The Pazmany PL-4A]]

The airplane is beautifuly constructed, with a c85 "stroker", meaning a c85 case with o200 crank and cylinders. Unsurprisingly it performs very well, easily climbing at 1500 ft/min and cruising comfortably at 100 mph.

[[File:Flying_pazmany_1.jpg|400px|Flying the Pazmany over Idaho]]

We spent the following day going through the new plane and hooking up a simple ferry tank system. The onboard tank has 11 gallons useable and some of the legs across nevada and arizona would be stretching that. Then we did some test flights around the area. Cliff was nice enough to let me fly it as well! I flew it back to Nampa and we spent the night in a nearby hotel.

[[File:Cessna_Departing_Nampa.jpg|400px|Fueld and ready to depart nampa]]

That Cessna 140 is a good looking plane, if I do say so! Here she is fueled and ready to depart nampa, I think it was about 6am local.

[[File:Low_clouds_over_nevada.jpg|400px|Low clouds over wild horse reservoir]]

There were some interesting low clouds over wild horse reservoir in northern nevada. No other clouds in sight besides these!

[[File:Low_clouds_over_nevada.jpg|400px|Elko NV airport]]

First stop was at Elko NV. Checked fuel burn and oil levels, everything was going well. Went across the street to the AutoZone and got a funnel in case we needed to add oil later on, then took off again heading for lincoln county NV.

[[File:PXL_20240826_163750418.jpg|400px|Pazmany in flight]]

We flew close formation for a bit and took some pictures. The Pazmany is very unique looking!

[[File:St_George_from_west.jpg|400px|St George from the west]]

We made a fuel stop in Lincoln county airport and took off shortly after heading for prescott. This leg was about 2.5 hours. Seen above is St George, this time from the west side looking to the east. I really enjoy flying over this part of the country. Although it may look desolate from this distance, contained in this area is Zion national part, Bryce canyon national park, and of course the grand canyon.

[[File:Virgin_river_gorge.jpg|400px|Virgin river gorge]]

Looking out the other side of the plane, we can see the virgin river gorge. The virgin river is the river that flows through zion national park.

[[File:North_canyon_looking_east.jpg|400px|North of canyon looking east]]

This is on the north side of the canyon looking east. Very beautiful and very desolate! The rest of the trip was uneventful and Cliff is still working out a few kinks in the new plane. Ground handling was excessively sensitive, which was resolved by loosening up the free play between the rudder and tailwheel. Brakes were underwhelming which was improved by going one notch further out on the levers for the master cylinders. It's a very light and fun plane to fly, thanks to Cliff for letting me enjoy it a bit as well!

File:Pazmany over prescott rain.jpg

2024-09-29T07:36:30Z

Elijah:

Idaho 2024

2024-09-29T07:33:59Z

Elijah:

[[Category: Airplane]]

[[File:PXL_20220416_221601679.jpg|thumb|300px|After landing at Prescott Soaring]]

One of my friends bought an airplane up in the Boise area and we did a 3 day trip up to get it, flying my Cessna 140. It was a wonderful trip and I'm so thankful to be part of what must be about the funnest mission you can fly - buying another airplane! :)

[[File:Canyon_aug_2024.jpg|400px|Flying over the canyon]]

We left Prescott pretty early and were over the canyon an hour or so later. Upper level winds were forecast to pickup today, but mainly out of the south which would give us a nice tailwind.

[[File:St_george_high_up.jpg|400px|Flying by St George]]

We were making good time and planned to stop for fuel and a break in St George, but given the good tailwind thought to press on further to cedar city. As we approached however and picked up the ASOS, winds gusting to the upper 30s made us reconsider that plan and I turned back to St George where the winds were barely moving!

[[File:On_the_ground_st_george.jpg|400px|On the ground, St George]]

On the ground in St George. This was my first time stopping at this airport and it was quite nice - a huge runway and the FBO was very hospitable. Shortly after we continued on, next stop being wells Nv. The upper level winds were increasingly strong heading into Nevada, and combined with the mountains made for a pretty rough ride. To take advantage of the tailwind and in an attempt to find smoother air, we climbed up pretty high, around 12,000 ft. A Cessna 140 being so light you really do feel every bump! I was focused on staying the course and did not take many pictures but 2.5 hours later, we landed in Wells NV.

[[File:Cessna_wells_nv.jpg|400px|On the ground, Wells NV]]

There is not a lot in Wells NV! The winds were blowing around 20 knots and temps were in the 50s - after being at altitude for that long I had long forgotten the hot arizona summer! Being cold was not a problem I seriously considered in late August!

[[File:Flying_over_northern_nv.jpg|400px|Flying over northern NV]]

The last leg of the trip was about 2 hours. Ceilings were somewhat low, around 2000ft in places so we followed the terrain through some very pretty mountain valleys. We landed in Emmett Idaho where the plane was at and got a first look.

[[File:Pazmany_PL4A.jpg|400px|The Pazmany PL-4A]]

The airplane is beautifuly constructed, with a c85 "stroker", meaning a c85 case with o200 crank and cylinders. Unsurprisingly it performs very well, easily climbing at 1500 ft/min and cruising comfortably at 100 mph.

[[File:Flying_pazmany_1.jpg|400px|Flying the Pazmany over Idaho]]

We spent the following day going through the new plane and hooking up a simple ferry tank system. The onboard tank has 11 gallons useable and some of the legs across nevada and arizona would be stretching that. Then we did some test flights around the area. Cliff was nice enough to let me fly it as well! I flew it back to Nampa and we spent the night in a nearby hotel.

[[File:Cessna_Departing_Nampa.jpg|400px|Fueld and ready to depart nampa]]

That Cessna 140 is a good looking plane, if I do say so! Here she is fueled and ready to depart nampa, I think it was about 6am local.

[[File:Low_clouds_over_nevada.jpg|400px|Low clouds over wild horse reservoir]]

There were some interesting low clouds over wild horse reservoir in northern nevada. No other clouds in sight besides these!

[[File:Low_clouds_over_nevada.jpg|400px|Elko NV airport]]

First stop was at Elko NV. Checked fuel burn and oil levels, everything was going well. Went across the street to the AutoZone and got a funnel in case we needed to add oil later on, then took off again heading for lincoln county NV.

[[File:PXL_20240826_163750418.jpg|400px|Pazmany in flight]]

We flew close formation for a bit and took some pictures. The Pazmany is very unique looking!

[[File:St_George_from_west.jpg|400px|St George from the west]]

We made a fuel stop in Lincoln county airport and took off shortly after heading for prescott. This leg was about 2.5 hours. Seen above is St George, this time from the west side looking to the east. I really enjoy flying over this part of the country. Although it may look desolate from this distance, contained in this area is Zion national part, Bryce canyon national park, and of course the grand canyon.

[[File:Virgin_river_gorge.jpg|400px|Virgin river gorge]]

Looking out the other side of the plane, we can see the virgin river gorge. The virgin river is the river that flows through zion national park.

[[File:North_canyon_looking_east.jpg|400px|North of canyon looking east]]

This is on the north side of the canyon looking east. Very beautiful and very desolate!

File:North canyon looking east.jpg

2024-09-29T07:33:36Z

Elijah:

File:Virgin river gorge.jpg

2024-09-29T07:28:33Z

Elijah:

File:St George from west.jpg

2024-09-29T07:23:50Z

Elijah: